From the singing and sewing mice to the lovably pudgy Fairy Godmother, from the corkscrew curled stepsisters to Cinderella's
blonde updo and white gown, Walt Disney's Cinderella, which was first released in 1950, created the most lasting and
easily recognizable images ever to be associated with the tale. But did you know that the story of Cinderella did not
originate with Disney? In fact, themes from the story have been appearing in folklore around the world for centuries. But
in case you need to have your memory jogged, let us first begin with the story as you probably remember it best, the way Disney
tells it.
Cinderella's mother passes away, and though her father is mourning, he remarries so that his daughter will
not grow up motherless. To say the least, he doesn't make the wisest choice. The woman he chooses to marry has two daughters
of her own to add to the mix (as well as a particularly nasty cat), and unfortunately, before he is able to see their true
colors, he too passes away. Cinderella then becomes a slave in her own house - cleaning, cooking and being generally abused
by her dreadful stepfamily. Her humble nature and kind heart, however, endear her to animals and help her bear her lowly lot
in life.
Then one day, the King decides to throw a ball, with the intentions of finding a bride for his son. Cinderella
is only allowed to go provided she finds a dress and gets her work done - so she immediately sets to work fixing up one of
her mother's old gowns. Then she is given a ridiculous, impossible-to-complete-in-time list of chores she must do, including
helping to primp and preen her wretched stepsisters for the ball. At the last second, Cinderella completes her tasks - but
has had no time to work on her dress. Heartbroken, she returns to her room in the attic, where she discovers that her mice
friends have helped sew a lovely gown for her (but they used trimmings from the evil sisters' discarded dresses - big mistake).
So when Cinderella appears, dressed up and ready to go, those dastardly sisters really show their fangs. They rip poor Cinderella's
dress to shreds, screaming things like "those are my pearls!" and "that's my ribbon!" with each swipe of their claws.
Cinderella
is devastated - when along comes her Fairy Godmother to help her out. She turns a pumpkin into a carriage and assembles a
whole cast of footmen, coachmen and horses from Cindy's animal friends. Then she transforms her torn gown into a magnificent
white confection. But the magic, she warns, will only last until midnight. So away our heroine rushes to get to the ball,
where she is greeted with awe. The Prince is transfixed by her, and even the wicked stepsisters wonder who the beauty in the
white dress could possibly be. But after a night of dancing and canoodling with the Prince (whose identity, by the way, is
lost on Cinderella), midnight eventually comes and our heroine runs off - leaving one glass slipper behind.
So the
Prince sets off on a mission to find the owner of this slipper, going from door to door and trying it on foot after foot to
no avail. When he finally reaches Cinderella's house, her stepmother realizes that Cinderella was the beauty at the ball -
and promptly locks her in the attic - hoping one of the sisters can fit into the slipper instead.
Meanwhile, Cinderella
realizes that that charmer with whom she danced the night away was indeed the Prince, but was helpless to do anything. That's
when the animals save the day again, stealing the key to the attic and opening the door, whereupon Cinderella rushes downstairs
and tries the slipper on - shocking her stepsisters when it's a perfect fit. She then pulls the other slipper from her pocket,
runs away with the Prince, and they live happily ever after.
While the number of different variations on this theme
are practically endless, there are always a few constants in any Cinderella story: a young girl, a wicked stepmother, a little
magic, and a piece of clothing, usually a shoe, that plays an integral part in the story's happy ending.
Many of these
tales have never been recorded, but are referenced in other works of literature. One of the earliest recorded stories, however,
comes from the Chinese scholar Tuan Ch'eng-shih, and dates back to the 9th century. This story tells the tale of
Yeh-hsien, who befriends a magic fish, which is killed by her stepmother. But she saves the bones of her lost friend, and
they prove to be magic. There is a festival and a lost shoe in this version, but it ends with the stepmother and sisters being
stoned to death.
Then there's Giambattista Basile's 17th century Neapolitan story, known as La Gatta
Cenerentola, or "Cat Cinderella". This version features a heroine named Zezolla. At the urging of her governess,
Zezolla ends up killing her stepmother, convincing her father to marry said governess. That's when the governess rears her
ugly head, revealing that she has six daughters of her own already, and forcing Zezolla to do even more work than before and
sleep in the ashes with the kitchen cat. She is ultimately aided, however, by the fairies of Sardinia and a magic date tree.
One of the most famous recorded versions of the story, and the version on which the Disney film is based, is from
the 1697 Histoires ou Contes du temps passé, by Charles Perrault. In this version, Cinderella's animal friends
play a crucial role, as does the pumpkin carriage and the jolly Fairy Godmother. Perrault's Cinderella, however, is extraordinarily
(even absurdly) kind, and finds husbands and homes for her horrendous stepsisters in the end. In the movie, you'll recall,
they justly receive nothing. Another version of the story that is rather famous comes from the Brothers Grimm - and Grimm
is a fine description of it. While it has a happy ending, there is still plenty of gore to be had.
In this tale, instead
of a Fairy Godmother, there is a magic tree that stands over her mother's grave that rains riches down upon Cinderella. And
the ball lasts for a few days, so each day Cinderella is able to look more gorgeous than the one before. And the slipper is
golden, rather than glass. But the horrific part comes when the prince tries to fit said slipper on the stepsisters. One has
a big toe that does not fit, so she cuts it off - but when the Prince rides away with her he passes the magic tree, whereupon
two doves call his attention to the trail of blood the missing toe is leaving. With the second sister, the same thing happens
when she cuts off her heel. Then, at Cinderella's wedding, the stepsisters get their eyes poked out by pigeons.
These,
of course, are just a few of the versions of Cinderella and her long, long road on the way to true happiness. If you want
a more detailed look at many more of them, you may enjoy out Alan Dundes' fascinating book, Cinderella: A Casebook.
And for a heartwarming trip down memory lane, go out and rent Disney's version again - and enjoy the collection of Cinderella
collecibles we've assembled below. Bippidi-boppidi-boo!
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